Analysis of Next Plc - 3995 Words

Analysis of NEXT plc and its environment Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 2 †¨2 OVERVIEW 2 2.1 The Market 2 2.2 The Company 3 3 ANALYTIC TOOLS 4 3.1 PEST - Analysis 4 3.2 SWOT - Analysis 7 3.3 Competitive Analysis 9 4 CONCLUSION 12 †¨5 MISSION STATEMENT 13 †¨6 OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES 14 6.1 Good quality and price 14 6.2 Relationship between Next and its environment 14 6.3 Shopping as en event 15 7 BIBLIOGRAPHY 16 1 Introduction †¨This Report should give the reader an overview of the clothing retail market in general and an in-depth analyse of NEXT Plc in detail. The main emphasis in this essay are the Retail and Directive division of NEXT Plc because they are the cash generators. Furthermore it shows the current situation of NEXT, its†¦show more content†¦Due to the EU membership a trend can be seen towards stricter environmental protection legislation. This may have a direct or indirect effect on NEXT or his suppliers. Economic factors †¨Looking at the economic environment, it is somewhat tricky since on the one hand there is the strong sterling compared to the Euro. Euroland encourages imports and endeavours to hold domestic prices at an attractive level. But on the other hand it is difficult for the UK to be competitive outside its boundaries because of the high pound sterling exchange rate against the Euro. As NEXT sells about 96% in the UK marketplace, this may currently only have a limited effect, but could be more important in the future when thinking globally. †¨Fig. 2 This can also be seen on the Big Mac - Cross Rates table, where hamburgers sold in the UK are more expensive than in most other countries. So an investment outside the UK might be very attractive - also speaking of re-imports to transfer the goods back into the domestic market. Source: see Chapter 7 Another issue is the falling unemployment rate. For the UK population this is good news but for companies like NEXT, this has different implications. For NEXT it means higher expenditure on wages, as well as greater difficulties in recruiting good employees. Social factors †¨Speaking of the socio-cultural future it should be mentioned that people retire earlier these days, as well as working shorterShow MoreRelatedRatio Analysis of Next Plc1716 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness Accounts – Assignment I Introduction Next plc is a retailer founded 1864 in the United Kingdom, that not only sells men’s, women’s and children’s wear but also has a home ware department. Their clothes wear are stylish but affordable. Throughout the United Kingdom and Ireland there are over 550 Next stores plus 50 franchises operating in Asia, Europe and The Middle East. This report will analyse and outline the company’s profitability, liquidity, solvency and investment potentials basedRead MoreReport on Analysis of Next Plc1551 Words   |  7 PagesTo: Date: From: Subject: Next pc is a uk based retailer that sells moderately price clothing for men, women and children. It also specialize in housewives and furnitures through 500 stores primarily in uk and irelandl. It also franchise more than 200 stores in asia nad Europe counties. Profitability The primary financial indicator is the roce which has shown an increases to 53.4 % in 2012 from 52.09 %. But, if the capital employed included the new  £300m committed bank facility that yet drawn downRead MoreReport on Analysis of Next Plc1535 Words   |  7 PagesTo: Date: From: Subject: Next pc is a uk based retailer that sells moderately price clothing for men, women and children. It also specialize in housewives and furnitures through 500 stores primarily in uk and irelandl. 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Overview On Guidelines Of The Financial Services Authority Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3201 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? This report advises Financial Institutions importance of the principals and guidelines of the Financial Services Authority (FSA) and as a legal advisor at Peter Bloomfield. The report will look at how companies, employees and managers are approved in accordance to advising regulated activities, how companies have responsibilities if they fail to comply with the laws and regulations set and what appropriate action is required to the set FSA guidelines. The FSA is an independent non-governmental body who are limited by guarantee and financed by the financial services industry. The FSA have statutory powers under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (FSMA 2000). The UK Treasury appoints the FSA board consisting of an appointed Chairperson, Chief Executive Officers, two Managing Directors, and eleven Non-Executive Directors including a lead Non-Executive Member who takes responsibility as a Deputy Chairman. The FSA are given a wide range of rulemaking, in vestigatory and enforcement powers in order to towards four statutory objectives: Market Confidence maintaining confidence in the financial system. Financial Stability contributing to the protection and the enhancement of the UK financial system. Consumer Protection securing the appropriate degree of protection for consumers Reduction of Financial Crime reducing to the extent to which it is possible for a business to be used for a purpose connected with financial crime. The FSMA 2000 is supported by a set of principles for good regulation. Efficiency and Economy the need to use resources in the most efficient way. Role of Management the companys senior managers are responsible for activities and for ensuring that its business complies with regulatory requirements. Proportionality the restriction the FSA impose on industry must be proportionate to the benefits that are expected to result from those restrictions. Innovation to carry innovative measu res when regulating activities International character including the desirability of maintaining the competitive position of the UK Competition the need to minimise the adverse effect on competition that may arise from the FSAs activity and the desirability of facilitating competition between the companies it regulates. The FSA has an organised high level qualification process for companies and persons in the industry to be approved. High standard levels are applicable to all companies firms and approved persons that are approved by the company to give advice and practice. The company must meet and adhere to the following threshold conditions. Legal status of the firm Firms must be a body corporate or a partnership not a limited liability partnership. The head office must be located and registered in the UK. For the insurance of motor vehicles the firm must have an appointed claims represented in each EEA states other than the UK. If a firm has close links with other firms then FSA must be satisfied that those links are not likely to prevent the firms supervision by the FSA. The FSA should take into account whether it is likely that it will receive adequate information from the firm and the persons with the firm have close links. The firms resources need to be adequate to carry out regulated activities, FSA take into account membership of which the firm may belong to and the sort of provisions made as a member of the group in respect of liabilities. Suitability of the firm, is the suitable for regulated activities? Whether the employees of the firm are suitable under the approved persons test. The firms suitability depends on whether the firm: Will conduct business with integrity and compliance of proper standards. Work competently. Can demonstrate that it will conduct its affairs with expertise, due skill, care and vigilance. If a firm fails or is failing to satisfy these conditions then the FSA may exercise its own prin ciple power under section 45 and can cancel the permission of the firm for regulated activities. The FSA encourages firms to take reasonable care to effectively follow and plan the FSA rule book in the firms activities. It is the firms obligation to take responsibility to maintain appropriate systems and to control the daily business appropriately of mitigating the risk involved in dealing with transactions and policies. A firm must take reasonable care to establish and maintain systems and controls appropriate to the scale, nature complexity of its business. The rulebook of the FSA spans an enormous gamut from issues of strategic, overarching significance, such as solvency margins, to matters of fine detail, such as the nature of wording of individual advertisements (Ennew, 2007,p.18) Senior managers have to be certain all records must be kept to show a clear chain of responsibility and data is secure as a back up. A separate system must be in place for external auditing. Firms must have a compliance officer that deals with complaints, check routine paper work and giving the firm guidance in the sales process complying with FSA rules and regulations. If the firms receive a complaint the compliance officer must respond promptly with a written acknowledgement providing early reassurance that it has received the complaint. The firm must inform the complainant of the measures and progress for the resolution. The complaint must be settled within eight days of receiving the complaint, if the complaint has not been settled then the firm must explain why its not in a position to resolve the complaint and explain when its to be able to provide one. The complainant must be advised the complaint can be referred to the Financial Ombudsman Service. The purpose of the FSA approval of individuals who perform controlled functions is to ensure that the individuals concerned are fit and proper under the FSMA 2000. When considering a candidates fitness and propri ety the FSA considers honesty, integrity and reputation. Competence, capability and finally financial soundness, an individual cannot be approved in advance of a firm being authorised. Remember that an approval is not once and for all process approved person must maintain their fitness and propriety or the FSA can withdraw any approval from them https://www.cii.co.uk/cii/about/re/responsibilities/fit_and_proper_test.aspx Accessed 27 December 2010 The FSA must be informed of any matters that could affect a persons honesty, integrity and reputation. Any criminal convictions must be disclosed, the Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974 does not apply to the questions for assessing a persons suitability to be an approved person. The FSA must consider whether the person has ever been convicted of a criminal offence and must pay particular attention to offences of dishonesty, fraud or financial crime. The second criterion under which the FSA judges applicants for approved person s tatus is competence and capability. An applicant must meet and adhere to the requirements of the Training and Competence Sourcebook in relation to the controlled functions for which they are seeking approval. The applicant must demonstrate by their experience that they will or be able to perform controlled functions. The final criterion for assessing an applicants fitness and prosperity is financial soundness; the main issues are the applicant being subject of any judgement debt or award that remains outstanding or was not settled within a period of time. Whether the applicant has made any arrangements with their creditors, filled for bankruptcy, been adjudged bankrupt, has assets seized or been involved in proceedings relating to any of these. Task 2 The FSA has four statutory objectives and the reduction of financial crime is amongst them. The reduction of financial crime objectives supports, and is supported by, other objectives the protection of consumers, market confid ence and financial stability. Financial crime includes any offence including fraud or dishonesty, market abuse and money laundering. The financial crime objective requires the FSA to reduce the extent regulated persons, firms and unauthorised business can be used for a purpose concerned with financial crime. FSMA also states that pursuing the reduction of financial crime firms must remain vigilant and being aware of their business used in connection with financial crime. Firms must make appropriate measures and have in place procedures and adequate recourses to prevent financial crime. Market abuse is improper conduct that undermines the UK financial markets or damages the interest of ordinary market principles. The FSMA 2000 section 118 creates civil penalties for markets abuse which run parallel to the criminal justice offences. The criminal offences are making a misleading statement and engaging in a misleading course of conducts for the purpose of inducing another perso n to or refrains from exercising rights in relation to investments. https://www.fsa.gov.uk/pages/doing/regulated/law/focus/conduct.shtml Accessed on 03 January 2011 The civil offence, as defined in section 118 of FSMA, can be any of the seven types of behaviour: Insider dealing. Improper disclosure. Misuse of information. Manipulating transactions. Manipulating devices. Dissemination. Distortion and misleading behaviour. Inside information is precise information that is not generally available in the investment markets, stock exchange or in the public domain. Subsequently investors would use the information making an investment decision. If this type of information is available generally it would significantly affect the price of an investment. Information which is gained through general research and analysis is not inside information. An insider is any person who has inside information: As a result of their membership of the administrative, manag ement or supervisory body of an issuer of qualify in investments; As a result of holding capital of an issuer or prescribed investments; As a result of having access to the information through their employment, profession or duties; As a result of criminal activities; or Which they have obtained by other means, e.g. a tip-off from a friend, and which they know, or could be reasonably expected to know, is inside information. Morkett UBS a mortgage and investment firm have four employees who used confidential and secured information regarding takeover bids for the firms six clients. This information was used for personal investment and interests; therefore this constitutes to insider dealings and has committed two offences. Firstly, a criminal offence under part V of the Criminal Justice Act 1993 which is the current legislation but before section sixty nine to seventy three part V of the Companies Act 1980 stated that insider dealing as a criminal offence in certain specified areas. Then subsequent consolidations can be cited in Company Securities (insider dealing) Act 1985 which was then amended by the Financial Services Act 1986. They have also committed a criminal act under Section 401/402 FSMA 2000. The EC Insider Dealing Directive was adopted in 1989 and implemented in the UK by Part V of the Criminal Justice Act1993. The approach adopted in the Criminal Justice Act follows that in EC Insider Dealing Directive (IDD) in that it treats insider dealing as an abuse of a market rather than a breach of the insiders fiduciary obligations to the company https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/3950D4A4-5792-412C-BA89-1B30827101C7/0/BC_RS_eudirectives_1205_FR.pdf Accessed 04 January 2011 Secondly, a civil offence under section 118 of the Financial Services Markets Act 2000 relating to market abuse. The action of the employees directly fall into section 118 2a FSMA 2000, where the information was used for their own interests and financial gain. Section 118 FSMA creates civil penalties for market abuse which run parallel to the criminal offences. The employees have committed a serious criminal offense where the general public and other shareholders were at risk. This offence could have affected other investors interest and businesses arrangements with dealing with the six companies. Morkett UBS must take appropriate action by reporting the insider dealing case to the FSA. The four employees must be suspended until further investigation. If they are found guilty they will not be able to practice and advise regulated activities. These actions may lead the FSA to investigate with the local constabulary and may result to an unlimited fine and up to seven years imprisonment. The FSA should prosecute them via a criminal act as they have enough evidence in place. The information was stolen, the investment resulted to a financial gain and the information was not widely or publicly available as they were confidential documents. In addition Mr Oliver Tate, the approved person for the firm undertook his responsibility in an inconsistent and irresponsible manor allowing other members of staff to commit mortgage fraud. The mortgage advisors were able to submit false mortgage applications using Olivers login details. Mr Tates misconduct has resulted in committing a breach of principle five of the FSAs qualifying process and approved person. Morkett UBS and Mr Tate have failed to meet the threshold conditions and high level standards applied to give advice and practice regulated activities. Mortgage fraud is a crime and we take any failings that put customers and lenders at risk very seriously. The prohibitions will help mortgage market a safer place and the fines will send a message to other intermediaries that they must adhere to our rules and act with integrity at all times, or face the consequences. https://www.mortgagestrategy.co.uk/regulation/fsa-bans-three-fraudulent-mortgage-brokers/ 1020083.article Accessed 07 January 2011 Furthermore Morkett UBS and Mr Tate have failed to put in place adequate systems and controls to prevent false and misleading mortgage applications being submitted to lenders and to ensure customer files are checked. The senior management at Morkett UBS must stop all regulated activities, the FSA must be informed. If the firm is allowed to continue providing regulated activities it must adhere by the qualifying process. An approved persons fit and proper test must be carried out again. The firm must have in place adequate systems and controls. The FSA will investigate the case of fraudulent mortgages at Morkett UBS leading to Mr Tate and whoever was involved in the case to be prohibited from regulated activities. Task 3 Money laundering regulations apply to various business sectors, including financial markets and credit business, accountants and estate agents. Money laundering regulations are implemented to protect the UK fina ncial system. Businesses and firms that are regulated must have in place adequate systems and controls to prevent money laundering by criminals and terrorists. Public confidence in financial institutions, and hence their stability, is enhanced by sound banking practices that reduce financial risks to their operations (Schott, 2006, p11-8) The Money Laundering Regulations came into force December 2007.The regulation includes appointing a Nominated Officer, whose role is to check the identity of customers and keeping all relevant documents. The firm must report any suspicious activity to the Serious Organised Crime Agency (SOCA). If the business is covered by money laundering regulations it must have the following controls in place to prevent it from being used for money laundering, these include Assessing the risk of your business being used by criminals to launder money Checking the identity of your customers and clients Checking the identity of beneficial owners o f corporate bodies and partnerships Monitoring your customers business a activities and reporting anything suspicious to the serious organised crime agency Ensuring you have necessary management control systems in place Keeping all documents that relate to financial transactions, the identity of your customers, risk assessment and management procedures and process Making sure that your employees are aware of the regulations and have the necessary training If an employee in your business knows or suspects that another is money laundering or assisting financial terrorism, they must inform the Nominated Officer. The Nominated Officer must review the information received and decide if it needs to b reported to the SOCA. Once the officer has reasonable and sufficient evidence to suspect money laundering they must report it to the SOCA at the earliest possible opportunity. There are three notions of money laundering Placement where money is exchanged from criminal act ivities then placed in a financial institution, invested in assets or commodities. Layering this is the first attempt at disguising or concealing of the source of the ownership of the funds. Integration the stage at which the money is integrated into legitimate economic and financial system and is assimilated with all other assets in the system. Regardless of the crime, money launderers resort to placement, layering, and integration in the process of turning illicit proceeds into apparently legal monies or goods (Schott, 2006,p.1-7) Yorkshire Bank has failed to comply with the Money Laundering Regulations 2007 (MLR 2007). The systems and controls in place are not sufficient and adequate. The Risk Sensitive policies and procedures have not been implemented in order to prevent and detect criminals from laundering money at Yorkshire Bank. The FSA will instigate proceedings for the breaches and failure to implement procedures and therefore will conclude to a criminal offe nce MLR 2007. As a result of this offence Yorkshire bank will be sanctioned, fined, imprisonment or both. Yorkshire Bank has also committed an offence against the Data Protection Act 1998; the inaccurate information was loaded on the banking system database. The system, controls and the Data Controller failed to detect the incorrect information given by the clients. Yorkshire Bank must inform the Data Commissioner that an infringement has occurred of the terms of the act. The Commissioner will issue one of two types of notice to the data controller: An information notice, which requires the Data Controller to specify the steps that Yorkshire Bank will comply with the Act, or Enforcement notices this requires Yorkshire bank either to take some specified action or to refrain from certain activities. The enforcement powers of the Commissioner include the authority to prosecute the Data Controller who fails to comply with the information or enforcement. The maximum penalty f or these offences is  £5,000 unless the case goes to the crown court, in which there is no possible fine. The Terrorism Act 2000 includes money laundering; it was the duty of the employee to report the customer to the Constabulary that a person has committed a terrorist offence. Failing to report the suspicion and information in the course of trade, business, profession or employment is a criminal offence. A person found guilty of failing to report an offence will face a maximum penalty of six months in jail and/or  £5,000 fine in the magistrates court and five years in jail and/or an unlimited fine in the Crown Court. It was not just a matter of consolidation but also an expansion to make it truly all crimes legislation without a de minimus limit. The money laundering provisions of this Act and those of the Terrorism Act are, for practical purposes, identical and were drawn up so as to cover the appropriate requirement of the EU Directives (Hopton, 2009, P.41) Finally the bank employee violated the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002; all three principles were ignored and violated. The onus was on the employee in the interest of the public and society to report the offences, as a failure to report the criminal offence the sentence is fourteen years. I regret to say we can not see enough evidence for the defence. The Proceeds of Crime Act (Act) extends provisions about money laundering and crime proceeds in a way that could, in a few cases, create practical issues for regulated financial firms and for the Financial Ombudsman Services. https://www.financial-ombudsman.org.uk/publications/ombudsman-news/29/29-crimeact.htm Accessed 07 January 2011 The advice given in this report is strictly confidential and is the property of Peter Bloomfield. The legal advice is provided in each tasks and keys issue the firm has, that need resolving legally. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Overview On Guidelines Of The Financial Services Authority Finance Essay" essay for you Create order

Brotherhood Of Evil The Mafia - 1674 Words

In 1959, a book entitled Brotherhood of Evil: The Mafia was published by Frederic Sondern, Jr. on behalf of the U.S. Federal Bureau of Narcotics (Pembleton 2015). This book: â€Å"is a perfect example of the manner in which the Federal Bureau of Narcotics (FBN) actively managed popular perceptions of drugs and organized crime in America—a threat it often abbreviated as ‘the dope menace’ or ‘narcotics evil’—and used police adventure stories to advance its domestic and foreign policy goals† (Pembleton 2015, p. 1) The publishing of Brotherhood started the association of drugs as a widespread disease and drug users as criminals who wanted to do harm to not only themselves but also others (Pembleton 2015). In an address to the United States†¦show more content†¦The invasion of privacy of employees comes in the form of drug screenings, which â€Å"80% of Fortune 500 companies and 43% of firms employing 1,000 people or more† conduct in the form of a urine test (Wisotsky 1993, p. 3; Sterling 1990). The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) has an online database entitled Narcotics and Dangerous Drug Information System (NADDIS). NADDIS contains the names and information of high profile people totaling 1.5 million from 1974 to 1993. Only five percent of these people were ever actually under a DEA investigation. Yet the information of all of these people was still available to not just the DEA, but also drug enforcement officials in the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Customs Service, and the Internal Revenue Service, compromising their privacy (Wisotsky 1993). As far as searches and seizures are concerned, a simple tip by an anonymous person gives the police permission to get a search warrant (Wisotsky 1993). However, in accordance with the Fourth Amendment, these warrants must ‘particularly describe’ locations and be from a recent date (Sterling 1990). Also, the Supreme Court has â€Å"significantly enlarged the powers of the police to stop, question, and detain drivers of vehicles on the highways on suspicion with less than probable cause or with no suspicion at all at fixed checkpoints or roadblocksÍ ¾ make warrantless searches of automobiles and of closed

Four styles of Roman wall painting Incrustation style Essay Example For Students

Four styles of Roman wall painting: Incrustation style Essay The color black was drawn from carbon of burned brushwood; yellow was obtained from mines or trot heated white led; baked mixture tot sand and copper produced color blue; red was obtained from red ochre or cinnabar; and the most precious color purple was obtained from sea whelks. The essential tools used for plastering the walls were wooden float and trowel blades, Many wall paintings are very well preserved because as plaster dries, water evaporates and plaster absorbs carbonic acid gas (from air) Vichy forms a protective skin of crystalline carbonate of lime. The roman wall paintings were inspired by Greek and Hellenic nettings and architecture_ The wall paintings were classified into four styles by German archaeologist August AMA (1840-1309). He did not consider individual elements of paintings but rather focused on decorative composition and patterns and how they might be grouped into certain period styles. So these styles marked the shifting point in the chronology of painting from 2nd century BC to the final eruption of Mount Vesuvius in Pompeii in 79 CE as there are the most wall paintings that have survived. The styles were identified as follows: the 1st style is called Incrustation style (2nd 1st BC); the 2nd was Architectural style (c. 00-15 BC); the 3rd was Ornate style (c. 20 BC c. 20 AD); and the 4th was Intricate style (from c. 50 CELLO The first style is most distinctive style from all. Using this style, the wall was painted and molded trot stucco with the replication of various architectural elements such as masonry bricks, suspended alabaster discs, wooden beams, molding of dentist and etc. The figures did not give much of the importance to overall painting. The colors used were very bright such as yellow, red, green or even marbled effect in order to display the splendor of the buildings. The wall as usually divided into three horizontal panels, Probably the earliest example can be found in the diagram of tabling (south west wall) the house of Livid (c. 30 BC) in Rome. Here we can clearly see the division of wall by two vertical lines into three major sections, which are further divided into small sections, appearing as masonry blocks. The other wall painting appears in Sentiment house, in Herculean during c. 2nd BC This elaborate marbled panel appears as wall of bricks with glittering affects, which completely fits into the definition Of Incrustation style. This style was mostly influenced by Greek art With presenting materials of building and the figure drawing was influenced by Hellenic wall paintings. The replacement of first style occurred around 80 BC after defeat in the Social War. Here the Architectural style emerged, with the emphasis on the imitation of architectural forms to evoke a more spectacular type of architecture. Instead of using details based on stucco, there was the use of flat plaster on which projection and recession were emphasized by the use of shading and perspective, The common features in this style are use of Ionic columns or stage platforms. But still these decorations make the wall to appear sort tot closed in, The architectural style is evident in the house of the Griffins on the palatine Hill in Rome. There was found the geometrical marble affects on the walls with use of stucco like in the first style, but only here the sense of three dimensional surface is evident with the notions of optical illusions as fake columns and pillars protrude from the wall; also the use of shading and highlights combine with real lighting of the room to create the realms of fantasy. Other wall decoration of this style was found near Pompeii in the villa of the Mysteries. But here most of the features of second style are absent. .u506233c4e22bc22be00150de55211f2e , .u506233c4e22bc22be00150de55211f2e .postImageUrl , .u506233c4e22bc22be00150de55211f2e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u506233c4e22bc22be00150de55211f2e , .u506233c4e22bc22be00150de55211f2e:hover , .u506233c4e22bc22be00150de55211f2e:visited , .u506233c4e22bc22be00150de55211f2e:active { border:0!important; } .u506233c4e22bc22be00150de55211f2e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u506233c4e22bc22be00150de55211f2e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u506233c4e22bc22be00150de55211f2e:active , .u506233c4e22bc22be00150de55211f2e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u506233c4e22bc22be00150de55211f2e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u506233c4e22bc22be00150de55211f2e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u506233c4e22bc22be00150de55211f2e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u506233c4e22bc22be00150de55211f2e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u506233c4e22bc22be00150de55211f2e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u506233c4e22bc22be00150de55211f2e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u506233c4e22bc22be00150de55211f2e .u506233c4e22bc22be00150de55211f2e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u506233c4e22bc22be00150de55211f2e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Classification of Painting Media EssayThere are stage-like settings: a bright red background with, still divided into panels by vertical columns, but the figures seem to be most important feature of this wall painting as they cover the columns. These divine human figures seem to be performing some kind Of ritual initiated by the Greek God of wine Dionysus. Probably, these kind photometrical paintings were mostly influenced by Hellenic Coordination. @ As we wander from second style, under the influence of Emperor Augustus (r. 7 BC 14 AD), the people were more interested in displaying the elaborated details, rather than optical effects; also realistic columns were not lika ble anymore, so they were replaced by reed-like pillars with foliage; so with this change the Ornate style begins. Here painters had a strict sense about symmetry of the elements around central element; the pictures themselves were kind of suspended within monochromatic frames. The vertical zones of this frame would have been decorated by geometric motifs, columns of foliage hung around _candelabra_ (incense-burners). The use tot mythological creatures in the background was relevant to this style. So there was a development of the routes, where vegetation combines human and animal bodies together. One example of this style is Villa Farseeing (riverside villa), where the elaborate details tot grotesques is clearly evident. In the kitchens or dining areas the frescoes represent the still life, for example still-life found in Herculean, depicts a bird and some sort of vases. Other examples come from the House of the Vetted_ Here the wall paintings comprise a single monochrome background in colors such as red, orange and blue with elaborate foliage-like details. These frame the smaller figural paintings n the centre of the wall. In one scene figures seem to be involved in daily tasks; in Other it involves mythological creatures involved in some kind Of ritual, background is emphasized vivid architectural elements. These paintings look as they were not painted straight on the wall but were hanged Which gives more realism to the overall style of painting. The last, Intricate style is sort off combination of all the styles, because it does not posses any distinctive feature. And yet it is most complex and extravagant style of all. It borrowed the sense of illusionist from second style; and figure matting and architectural details from third style. It involves large-scale narrative paintings, usually drawn from mythology. The main features of this style are t he representations of opened doors and windows, balconies: also include some visionary elements of architecture. The paintings appear more realistic as painters created illusion tot depth and perspective. And therefore, the paintings make rooms more open and appear wider. One of the examples reflecting this style is _Domes Urea_ of _Scriptoriums_ from Rome. This is very large room, with tall walls and oval-shaped ceiling. Here we can see the wall divided by many vertical lines, along with horizontal lines into these illusionists areas, proceeding into a distance, Areas contain subjects such as windows, doors, balconies, sculptures of human or animal bodies. The other example is House of the Theatre in Herculean. This is very extravagant decoration with strong colors; there is tapestry with small human head on higher part of the panel In the lower part there is an optical illusion Of opened door With notion Of foliage and other spectacular decorations. Also in the House of Vetted, there are Ruth style wall paintings. Here there are depiction Of mythological creatures such as cupids performing some kind of rituals; the use of contrasting colors such as pink and blue. During this style, dining rooms were decorated by still-life paintings of fishes, birds, fruits and glass vessels. All the painting styles have features that are distinct and some in common. The wall painting chronology evolved from creating fake masonry, the use of optical illusions to create depth to the use of mythological subjects and landscape scenes; to the more elaborate use of color which made them to appear as anal paintings jus being hanged on the wall, because they appear as framed pictures; also the emphasis of archite ctural elements evolved into the grand style of painting with emphasis on architraves, pediments, pillars and ornamental human and animal sculptures.

Informal Education and Literacy Skills Informal Education

Question: Discuss about the Informal Education and Literacy Skills for Informal Education. Answer: Informal Education and literacy skills The objective of this annotated bibliography discusses influence of informal education on the literacy skills of individuals. Does informal education influence the literacy skills of individuals in a positive manner? This annotated bibliography is based on the resources that establish the relationship between the informal education and the literacy skills or linguistic abilities of people. Dede, C. (2009). Immersive interfaces for engagement and learning.Science, 323(5910), 66-69. This study discusses the various types of informal education that could improve the literacy skills of individuals. In this article, author presented that there are various interfaces that could provide informal education to people. The people can gain the informal education from the internal and external factors. In the study, author established a positive correlation between informal education and the literacy skills of individuals. For this research, authors took the approach of secondary research. A lot of past researches have been done in this area. Authors referred to more than 25 journals to make meaningful conclusions. Author concluded that children should be given informal education along with the formal education so that they can gain good literacy skills. Goodfellow, R. (2011). Literacy, literacies and the digital in higher education. Teaching in Higher Education,16(1), 131-144. This research starts with the basic definition of the informal education and the need of the informal education for higher education children. Authors highlighted that this era is marked with Internet and digital platforms. Author argued that the linguistic abilities of students in the higher education depend a lot on the way students get the education. Authors did a mixed research and use both primary and secondary methods to complete the research. The primary research for this work was based on quantitative methods and the secondary research for this work was based on qualitative methods. Author used a random sampling method to form a sample of 100 respondents. Author concluded that the linguistic abilities of people depend a lot on the way parents can create a culture of informal education. This platform could be an electronic platform in this time of digitization. Greenfield, P. M. (2009). Technology and informal education: What is taught, what is learned.Science,323(5910), 69-71. This research established a positive correlation between informal education and the literacy skills of individuals. For this research, authors took the approach of secondary research. In this research work, author identified the gap between the education that is imparted in the school and the learning that students get in the school. The linguistic abilities of the people depend on the combination of internal and external drivers. The internal drivers would include the perception and motivation of students. The external drivers would include the formal and informal education that people get. Lonigan, C. J., Allan, N. P., Lerner, M. D. (2011). Assessment of preschool early literacy skills: Linking children's educational needs with empirically supported instructional activities.Psychology in the Schools,48(5), 488-501. In this research, author established a positive correlation between informal education and the literacy skills of individuals. Authors did a mixed research and use both primary and secondary methods to complete the research. This research was a lengthy research and it took 3 months for authors to complete the research. A systematic sampling method was used to create a sample of 225 respondents. Author highlighted that the linguistic abilities of the people depend on the way individual has had early literacy. Author concluded that the school age and the early literacy skills of the individuals are the basis of the linguistic abilities that people get. Meyers, E. M., Erickson, I., Small, R. V. (2013). Digital literacy and informal learning environments: an introduction.Learning, Media and Technology,38(4), 355-367. This research work is focused on digital literacy and informal learning environment. For this research, authors took the approach of primary research methods. Researches have the null hypothesis that digital literacy shares a relationship with the informal learning. Authors used a sample size of 175 respondents. The learning abilities and the linguistic skills have changed a lot with digitization. It is expected that Internet and digital platforms would continue to shape the learning abilities of people. It is important that the people and students must learn about the digital things. Authors concluded that the linguistic abilities consist of lot of attributes and the linguistic abilities are much more than the reading and writing skills. The change or the transformation in the linguistic skills could be attributed to the digital transformation. Ng, W. (2012). Can we teach digital natives digital literacy?.Computers Education,59(3), 1065-1078. In the study, author established a positive correlation between informal education and the literacy skills of individuals. For this research, authors tool the approach of secondary research. Author concluded that the linguistic abilities of people depend a lot on the way parents can create a culture of informal education. It is important that the people and students must learn about the digital platforms like Internet and social media. In this research, author studies the need of teach digital literacy and author researched if digital literacy could be taught or not. Author concluded that the skills and the knowledge of digital literacy would depend on number of factors. In certain cases, people can gain the literacy skills from the informal education and in some cases, it may not be possible to gain the digital literacy from the informal education. Nutbeam, D. (2008). The evolving concept of health literacy.Social science medicine,67(12), 2072-2078. This article deals with the evolving concept of health literacy. Author argued that there are various drivers of the health literacy. This research is based on the quantitative research. Author used the primary method of research. The researcher created an online survey and this survey was mailed to different respondents. The conversion rate was less in this survey. However, the researcher was able to get the responses from 70% of the respondents. Author highlighted that the concept of health literacy has evolved a lot and it is expected that there would be more evaluation in the learning abilities of people. Researcher concluded that the learning abilities of the people would depend not only on the internal drivers or internal parameter but also on the attitudes of the caretakers. Skwarchuk, S. L., Sowinski, C., LeFevre, J. A. (2014). Formal and informal home learning activities in relation to childrens early numeracy and literacy skills: The development of a home numeracy model.Journal of experimental child psychology,121, 63-84. In the study, author established a positive correlation between informal education and the literacy skills of individuals. Authors highlighted that informal education can boost the linguistic abilities of individuals. Therefore, it is important that education should be imparted in formal as well as informal manner. Authors did a mixed research and use both primary and secondary methods to complete the research. For the primary research, the researchers created a sample of close to 100 people and for the secondary research, researches completed an exhaustive literature review of more than 40 resources. Author concluded that the linguistic abilities of people depend a lot on the way parents can create a culture of informal education.